基于VB的SolidWorks排种盘建模二次开发

介绍了基于VB的SolidWorks机具零部件设计程序二次开发的基本原理和思路及零部件尺寸驱动和程序驱动2种参数化设计方法。以VB为开发工具、SolidWorks 2009为支撑软件、Excel 2003为后台数据库,介绍了排种盘参数化建模的设计过程并实现了排种盘的自动化生成。研究结果表明,该方法不仅提高了排种盘的设计效率,而且也为其他典型机械零件参数化设计提供了参考。     

废弃木耳菌棒的好氧水解特性

为分析废弃木耳菌棒好氧水解特性,在总固体浓度为10%,温度为34、38、44℃,时间为4、8、12、16、20、24 h条件下作水解发酵试验。结果表明,温度为44℃,好氧水解时间8 h时,木质素降解速率最快,降解率高达19.91%,占总降解率67.05%。在此条件下,厌氧发酵废弃木耳菌棒VS产气率较直接厌氧发酵对照组提高13.16%。表明好氧水解可有效提高木质素降解率,提高产气率。     

活性污泥工艺处理黄酒废水的工程实践

采用活性污泥法处理黄酒生产废水,对连续曝气活性污泥工艺的流程、工程调试、主要经济指标及运行效果进行了介绍,总结了该工程的设计、实施经验。采用该工艺处理后出水水质符合《上海市污水综合排放标准》(DB 31/119—2009),满足当地污水排放要求。     

Nitrate leaching,nitrous oxide emission and N use efficiency of aerobic rice under different N application strategy

A field study was conducted in the sub-humid tropical region of India to examine the effect of different nitrogen (N) management strategies on nitrate leaching, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission and N use efficiency in aerobic rice. Treatments were: control (no N), 120 kg N ha^?1 applied as prilled urea (PU) in conventional method, 120 kg N ha^?1 applied as neem coated urea (NCU) in conventional method, N applied as PU on the basis of leaf colour chart (LCC) reading, N applied as NCU on the basis of LCC reading, and 120 kg N ha^?1 applied as PU and farm yard manure (FYM) in 1:1 ratio. Results showed that 3.4–16.1 kg NO₃-N ha^?1 was leached below 45 cm depth and 0.61–1.12 kg N₂O-N ha^?1 was emitted from aerobic rice during the growing season. NCU when applied conventionally reduced nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching and N₂O emission by 18.6% and 21.4%, respectively However when applied on the basis of LCC reading NCU reduced NO₃-N leaching by 39.8% as compared to PU applied in conventional method. NCU when applied on the basis of LCC reading synchronized N supply with demand and reduced N loss, which resulted in higher yield and N use efficiency.     

Repair and strengthening of timber cantilever beams

This research aims to study the feasibility of repair and strengthening of timber cantilever beams used in historic buildings. It is conducted to investigate the feasibility of using different valid materials and techniques to repair and strengthen timber cantilever beams in new and historic timber buildings. The study is performed in terms of structural performance as well as historic and architectural values. An experimental program of several different materials and techniques is executed. The results are driven in terms of initial cracking load, crack propagation for the tested samples at different loading stages, deflection values, and failure load for each repaired or strengthened material and technique. The main variables are timber types (new and historic), repair and strengthening materials (steel plates, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer wrap, and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer laminates), repair or strengthening techniques (near surface mounted and externally bonded system), and cantilever length (1000 and 1250?mm). Test results indicated that using steel plates, glass fiber wrap, and carbon fiber laminates increases the value of failure loads and decreases the deflection at both; repaired and strengthened timber cantilever beams compared to control beams.     

Protective effect of melatonin administration on abamectin-induced immunotoxicity in Spodoptera litura (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

In vertebrates, many studies verified the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in various tissues. Its exact role in lower organisms like insects has been very sketchy. The present study deals with understanding the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in pesticide exposed insects. Total hemocyte count, Differential hemocyte count, Prophenoloxidase activity, and nodulation mechanism at different time intervals were studied. Results showed the abamectin results in significant increase (p < 0.01) in haemocytes numbers at 6, 48, and 72 h. Abamectin toxicity was counteracted by melatonin, with decreasing the hemocytes at 2, 4, and 12 h. Prophenoloxidase activity and protein content (p < 0.001) at 48 and 72 h of Melatonin + abamectin were slightly decreased. There was a significant decrease in nodule formation in 12–24 h in melatonin treated groups and it was clearly visible at 6 h. Increased Prohemocytes, Plasmatocytes, and Oenocytoids numbers decline in melatonin treatment. Melatonin treatment increased the survival rate on pesticide exposed insects. Results suggest that melatonin exposure significantly reduces the toxicity in pesticide exposed larvae which in turn brings back immunological profile in a time dependent manner.     

大豆窄行密植播种机单盘双行气吸式排种器设计

为满足大豆窄行密植播种作业要求,解决传统大豆播种机窄行密植行距过大,不易调节,排种性能差等问题,设计了一种单盘双行气吸式排种器,阐述了其基本结构与工作原理,并对工作过程及关键部件进行了理论分析,确定了影响排种性能的主要因素,利用搭建的单盘双行气吸式排种器试验装置进行单因素试验,得到排种性能较好情况时负压真空度、排种盘转速以及单圈吸种孔数的合理变化范围。以负压真空度、排种盘转速和单圈吸种孔数为试验因素,以合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数为指标进行3因素3水平正交试验。结果表明：对合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数各指标影响最显著的因素分别为排种盘转速、负压真空度、负压真空度;当参数组合为单圈吸种孔数64孔、排种盘转速18 r/min、负压真空度5 kPa时,内圈合格指数为98.45%,重播指数为0.72%,漏播指数为0.53%;外圈合格指数为97.82%,重播指数为0.63%,漏播指数为1.35%,对该因素组合进行试验验证,各指标优于行业标准要求。该文设计的单盘双行气吸式排种器实现了播种单体120 mm窄行密植播种,排种性能好,为黄淮海地区大豆密植播种机的研发提供参考。     

不同腐烂病发病程度核桃根区土壤微生物多样性分析

【目的】 研究土壤微生物数量和功能多样性与核桃腐烂病之间的关系,为核桃腐烂病微生物调控技术研究奠定良好的理论基础。【方法】以健康、轻度、中度和重度4类不同病害程度的12年生核桃树为试材,采用可培养微生物计数和Biolog生态板测定其根区土壤微生物数量和功能多样性的异同,分析其与病害程度之间的相关性。【结果】不同腐烂病发病程度核桃根际土壤三大可培养微生物类群数量差异显著。与健康土壤相比,不同发病程度土壤细菌数量呈先上升后下降趋势, 轻度、中度发病土壤分别提高了15.67%和12.28%,重度发病土壤则下降了33.46%。轻度、中度和重度发病土壤放线菌数量分别下降了47.33%、32.98%和19.27%,真菌数量分别下降了49.32%、22.68%和42.68%。Biolog碳源利用表明,核桃腐烂病不同发病程度土壤微生物多样性也存在显著差异。从144 h的AWCD值可以看出,腐烂病发病较轻的核桃根区土壤中,微生物活性最高,健康土壤降低了12.03%,中、重度发病土壤分别降低了14.56%和18.42%。轻度发病土壤的Shannon丰富度指数(H)高于健康和中、重度发病土壤。健康和轻度发病的土壤微生物对糖类和氨基酸类碳源有较强的利用能力,而腐烂病发病较重的土壤中利用糖类、氨基酸类和酚酸类碳源的微生物在减少。主成分分析表明,发病程度不同的核桃根区土壤微生物群落有一定的差异。31种碳源中,糖类和氨基酸类碳源决定着主成分的分异。【结论】腐烂病发病程度较重的土壤中微生物活性低于健康和腐烂病发病程度较轻的土壤。根据土壤微生物利用的不同碳源,设计出合理的微量元素肥料,将有望减轻核桃腐烂病病害的发生。